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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues by Robert Jay Dilger (

Description: Unfunded Mandates Reform Act by Robert Jay Dilger, Richard S. Beth The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effort by state and local government officials and business interests to control, if not eliminate, the imposition of unfunded intergovernmental and private-sector federal mandates. Advocates argued the statute was needed to forestall federal legislation and regulations that imposed obligations on state and local governments or businesses that resulted in higher costs and inefficiencies. Opponents argued that federal mandates may be necessary to achieve national objectives in areas where voluntary action by state and local governments and business failed to achieve desired results. UMRA provides a framework for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to estimate the direct costs of mandates in legislative proposals to state and local governments and to the private sector, and for issuing agencies to estimate the direct costs of mandates in proposed regulations to regulated entities. Aside from these informational requirements, UMRA controls the imposition of mandates only through a procedural mechanism allowing Congress to decline to consider unfunded intergovernmental mandates in proposed legislation if they are estimated to cost more than specified threshold amounts. UMRA applies to any provision in legislation, statute, or regulation that would impose an enforceable duty upon state and local governments or the private sector. It does not apply to conditions of federal assistance; duties stemming from participation in voluntary federal programs; rules issued by independent regulatory agencies; rules issued without a general notice of proposed rulemaking; and rules and legislative provisions that cover individual constitutional rights, discrimination, emergency assistance, grant accounting and auditing procedures, national security, treaty obligations, and certain elements of Social Security. State and local government officials argue that UMRA has restrained the growth of unfunded federal mandates, but that its coverage should be broadened, with special consideration given to including conditions of federal financial assistance. Reflecting these views, H.R. 373, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2011 (as amended), and H.R. 4078, the Red Tape Reduction and Small Business Job Creation Act: Title IV, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2012, which was passed by the House on July 26, 2012, would, among other things, broaden UMRAs coverage to include assessments of indirect costs, such as foregone profits and costs passed onto consumers, as well as direct costs and, when requested by the chair or ranking Member of a committee, the prospective costs of legislation that would change conditions of federal financial assistance. Other organizations have argued that UMRAs coverage should be maintained or reinforced by adding exclusions for mandates regarding public health, safety, workers rights, environmental protection, and the disabled. This report examines debates over what constitutes an unfunded federal mandate and UMRAs implementation. It focuses on UMRAs requirement that CBO issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules. It also assesses UMRAs impact on federal mandates and arguments concerning UMRAs future, focusing on UMRAs definitions, exclusions, and exceptions which currently exempt many federal actions with potentially significant financial impacts on nonfederal entities. FORMAT Paperback LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Details ISBN1481064126 Author Richard S. Beth Short Title UNFUNDED MANDATES REFORM ACT Pages 58 Language English ISBN-10 1481064126 ISBN-13 9781481064125 Media Book Format Paperback Year 2012 Publication Date 2012-11-21 Imprint Createspace Independent Publishing Platform Publisher Createspace Independent Publishing Platform Subtitle History, Impact, and Issues Audience General We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. With fast shipping, low prices, friendly service and well over a million items - you're bound to find what you want, at a price you'll love! TheNile_Item_ID:93113185;

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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues by Robert Jay Dilger (

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ISBN-13: 9781481064125

Author: Robert Jay Dilger, Richard S. Beth

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Book Title: Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

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