Description: 12 Pesos. Rare! Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers 1,972,550 square kilometers (761,610 sq mi), making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with approximately 126,014,024 inhabitants, it is the 10th-most-populous country and has the most Spanish-speakers. Mexico is organized as a federation comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital and largest metropolis. Other major urban areas include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, Ciudad Jurez, and Len. Pre-Columbian Mexico traces its origins to 8,000 BCE and is identified as one of the six cradles of civilization that arose in Mesoamerica, most notably in succession the Olmec, Maya, and the lastly the Aztecs, which dominated in the century before European contact. Over two years of warfare (1519-1521), Hernn Corts and thousands of indigenous allies conquered the Aztec Empire. Corts founded Mexico City on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, establishing the Kingdom of New Spain within the Spanish Empire. The Catholic Church under the patronage of the Spanish monarch embarked upon conversion of the indigenous populations to Christianity, in the "spiritual conquest of Mexico." The mid-1500s discoveries of large deposits of silver outside the zone of settled indigenous populations led to Spanish territorial expansion northward. More importantly, silver became the motor of not only the Mexican economy, but also Spain's, Europe's and the world's. The massive influx of wealth brought about a price revolution in Western Europe and also had an impact on China. Colonial Mexico developed distinct regions, with the main axis being Mexico City to the Gulf Coast port of Veracruz, and to a lesser extent the Pacific Coast port of Acapulco for the China trade, and from Mexico City to the silver mining zones of Zacatecas and Guanajuato. Over time, a distinct Mexican identity formed, based on a fusion of European and indigenous customs and also shaped by Africans brought to Mexico as slaves. Mexico's early history as an independent nation state was marked by political and socioeconomic upheaval. The initial political transition was to monarchy in 1821-22, with royalist-turned-insurgent military officer Agustn de Iturbide becoming Emperor Agustn I. He was forced to abdicate and Mexico drafted its first post-independence constitution creating a federal republic. Liberal and conservative factions constantly changing the form of government. The country was invaded by two foreign powers during the 19th century: first, after the Texas Revolution by American settlers, which led to the Mexican"American War and huge territorial losses to the United States in 1848. Liberal reforms were enshrined in the Constitution of 1857, which sought to integrate indigenous communities and curtail the power of the military and the Catholic Church as privileged institutions and establishing equality before Item ordered may not be exact piece shown. All original and authentic.
Price: 395 USD
Location: Portsmouth, New Hampshire
End Time: 2025-01-20T20:16:57.000Z
Shipping Cost: 6.25 USD
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Return shipping will be paid by: Buyer
All returns accepted: Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within: 30 Days
Refund will be given as: Money Back
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