Description: 220-shot12Bronze medal, Belgium.Period to be determined.Rubbing, some traces of handling and small shocks.Engraver : JJ Goot (?) .Dimension : 50 mm .Weight : 46 g.Metal : bronze .Mark on the edge : no punch.Fast and careful shipping.The support is not for sale.The stand is not for sale. William of Nassau, Prince of Orange (in Dutch: Willem van Oranje), Count of Nassau, also known as William the Silent (Willem de Zwijger) was born on April 24, 1533 in Dillenburg and died at the Prinsenhof in Delft on July 10, 1584, assassinated by Balthazar Gerard. His remains lie in the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft. He was Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau from 1544, then of Katzenelbogen, of Vianden, Burgrave of Antwerp, Stadtholder of Holland, Voorne, Zeeland, West Friesland and Utrecht from 1559, governing a territory currently shared between Belgium and the Netherlands.Originally a member of Charles V's entourage and a loyal supporter of the Habsburgs, William of Orange is best known for being the initiator and leader of the revolt of the Spanish Netherlands against the Spanish King Philip II, son of Charles V. This revolt led to a desire for emancipation from the States General (government) which led to the independence of the Northern Netherlands, United Provinces, while the Southern Netherlands, Belgica Regia, fell back under Spanish domination after the Eighty Years' War.Opinions about the prince are divided, but, considered by historian Jan Romein as the "founder of Dutch civilisation", honoured with the title of "vader des vaderlands" ("father of the fatherland"), and included in the historical canon of the Netherlands, he is one of the key figures in the founding of the Dutch nation, although he actually hoped to liberate the whole of the Netherlands, including Belgium, from the yoke of Spain. At the time, these territories were sometimes called Belgica Foederata for the north and Belgica Regia for the south, or the Generality that the German Emperor and King of Spain Charles V, heir to the Dukes of Burgundy, had constituted into an inseparable whole by the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549.The Dutch national anthem "Het Wilhelmus" was written in honour of the Prince of Orange by Baron de Sainte-Aldegonde, a gentleman from a Savoyard family, but born in Brussels, who supported the prince and the revolt from its origins. Raised in Brussels, the Prince of Orange spoke German, the language of his family in Nassau, French, the language of the Brussels court since the Dukes of Burgundy and under Charles V, and Dutch. Its motto is still that of the Netherlands in the 21st century: "I will maintain." » a notable of the Spanish Netherlands at the court of Charles VWilliam of Orange was born on Thursday, April 24, 1533 in Dillenburg to William of Nassau-Dillenburg and Juliana of Stolberg1, in a Lutheran family2. He was baptized on May 4 in a hybrid ceremony: after a Catholic mass in the morning, the baptism, the reading of the gospel and the sermon were done in the Lutheran manner.His education began at the age of five and a half, and included Latin, French, Italian, arithmetic and sacred history.William left Dillenburg for the court of Charles V in Brussels on 22 August 1544, shortly after the death of his cousin René de Chalon, Prince of Orange (whose father was the elder brother of William of Nassau-Dillenburg), who died without descendants during the siege of Saint-Dizier; he inherited the principality of Orange, on the condition that he be raised in the Catholic faith. In Brussels, he learned several languages under the protection of Archduchess-Queen Mary of Hungary, sister of the Emperor and governor in his name of what is called the Netherlands, a name which combines the territories of Holland, Zeeland and other principalities, but also Belgium and the north of France. At the castle of Breda, his education was supervised by Claude Bouton de Corbaron, he learned history, law, theology, art, science, but above all languages5. He gained importance at the court of Charles V, who undoubtedly planned to one day entrust him with the management of the Seventeen Provinces6.The question of the prince's marriage then arises. Maximilian of Egmont had wished on his deathbed that he marry his daughter, Countess Anne of Egmont of Buren7. The emperor agreed at the end of 1550 after two years of negotiations; the two families signed the contract on July 6, 1551, and the marriage took place on the following July 8. He earned an income of 30,000 guilders, as well as numerous lordships and castles in the Seventeen Provinces.War with France resumed in 1551, and on December 16 William of Orange was appointed to command a cavalry company and was tasked with raising troops. He received the homage of the city of Breda on Mars 29, 1552, and became colonel in the army of Charles V on April 2710. He then had to form 10 companies, which caused him financial worries. He did not meet the troops of Henry II, being charged with secondary missions while Lamoral d'Egmont was the general-in-chief of the imperial troops11.In preparation for the Eleventh Italian War, he was appointed captain general of the Army of the Meuse on July 22, 155512. Its armies of very diverse origins are struck by the plague, lack supplies, are poorly paid and regularly come close to mutiny13. He took the town of Fagnolle, which surrendered at the first warning on August 18, 1555, then Couvin, which he had razed, with the aim of isolating the besieged town of Mariembourg14. He was then recalled to Brussels for the abdication of Charles V. During the abdication, the emperor leans on the shoulder of William of Orange15. The prince must then return to the battlefields, where he manages to dismiss a good part of the troops at the end of the campaign, even though he has almost no money16. William was, until the death of his wife in 1558, a Catholic faithful to the Spanish crown, member of the court of Margaret of Parma, natural daughter of the emperor and governess of the Spanish Netherlands.In the service of Philip IIWilliam of Orange then entered the Finance Council17, where he presented remonstrances about the poor state of the country's finances, and demanded that the Netherlands not participate alone in military expenditure18. Supported by Emmanuel-Philibert of Savoy and the entire Council of State, he obtained Spanish financing and English troops19. However, King Philip II became aware that the opposition against him was embodied by the Prince of Orange. On December 29 and 30, 1558, he played an important role during the funeral ceremony of Charles V20. It was during this period that his wife Anne d'Egmont died on Mars 24, 155821.Under the regency of Marguerite de ParmaMargaret of Parma.With the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, France of the Valois and the Habsburg Empire signed a lasting peace and agreed to fight against the rise of Protestantism22. In the summer of 1559, discussions were notably led by Ferdinand Alvare de Toledo, Duke of Alba, who proposed the introduction of the Inquisition and even the extermination of Protestants23. William of Orange hides his resentment at these proposals. Philip II, who had to return to Spain, refusing to appoint Egmont or Orange because they were too independent of his wishes, preferred to appoint his half-sister Margaret of Parma to the general government of the Netherlands24. This appointment was poorly received by the nobles, because the princess was a bastard25. In order to appease critics, Philip II gives property to the nobility. Attempt at conciliation: the compromise of the nobles and the iconoclastic furyEmblem of the beggars.In Mars 1566, 9 members of the high nobility met in Breda to write a manifesto to protest against the arrival of the Inquisition58. The text is entitled Treaty of the great and nobles of the Netherlands against the Inquisition of Spain which they want to introduce in these provinces, also called the “Compromise of the Nobles”. In it the nobles demand the departure of the Inquisition and undertake to come to mutual aid if they are threatened by it58. The text brings together 2,000 signatures from the lower nobility, the high nobility not commenting on such a text58. It was presented by 400 members of the nobility to the governess Marguerite de Parma during a session in the Aula Magna of the palace of the Dukes of Burgundy in Brussels on April 5, 1566. Described as a “compromise of the beggars” (in Dutch Geuzen) by an advisor to the regent, the Count of Berlaymont, this petition was without effect. But the signatories persisted and organized a banquet, known as the Banquet des Gueux, at the residence of a large Brussels family, the Hôtel de Culembourg. They appear there dressed in the style of poor people, proclaiming a motto "beggars to the core", defiantly claiming this name of beggars which then becomes representative of all the rebels. This is the start of a direct confrontation with the Spanish power represented in Brussels by Marguerite of Parma. William of Orange, faced with the importance of the Beggars' banquet, preferred to leave Brussels for a while59. He attended and took communion at a Catholic mass for Easter 156660. He was summoned to Antwerp to calm the agitation reigning there, caused in particular by the preaching of 40,000 Protestants in the city61. He asks Brederode to leave the city62. On July 17, he summoned the city council, which named him its governor; he then banned Calvinist preaching and made himself indispensable to Marguerite of Parma: he was the only one who knew how to peacefully control the city63. He launched river maintenance work in order to give work to a number of unemployed people, and encouraged a moderation of meetings held outside the city64.Events then precipitate: while a few hundred Catholic soldiers are heading towards Antwerp, and we learn that recruitment is also underway in Germany, the “beggars” then present in Saint-Trond since July 11 feel threatened and mutually promise each other the protection of Protestantism; they then raise funds to prepare for repression65. Marguerite of Parma becomes frightened and believes in the beginning of a rebellion. On July 18, 1566 in Duffel, Orange and Egmont met Louis de Nassau and 12 “beggars”. Orange recommends moderation to his younger brother, who sends a letter of complaints to the regent, further proposing the management of the Netherlands by Orange, Hoorn and Egmont65. Marguerite of Parma understands the danger that an alliance of the high and the lower nobility would represent. She sent a letter to Madrid to warn of the seriousness of the events and summoned the Knights of the Golden Fleece on August 18. He spent August 15, Assumption Day, in Antwerp, where a traditional procession of the Black Madonna took place, despite threats from iconoclastic Calvinists66.Extent of iconoclastic fury in blue.The next day, the Beeldenstorm, or iconoclastic fury, took place: while most of the stadtholders left their provinces to attend the council of the Golden Fleece, the churches and abbeys were ransacked67. The movement extended to other provinces with the exception of Artois, Namur, Luxembourg and part of Hainaut where Protestants were in the extreme minority67.The Order of the Golden Fleece then proposed an agreement to the “beggars” on May 23, 1566: they must calm the people, protect Catholicism, prevent the establishment of Protestant places of worship, and dissolve their rebel group, in exchange for which Marguerite of Parma granted them the suspension of the Inquisition and authorization in certain defined places for Protestant preaching68. The regent disagrees, and denounces the rebellion of the lords in a letter to Philip II. He ordered the raising of 13,000 men in Germany in reaction to the iconoclastic fury, with the aim of repression68.William of Orange, returning to Antwerp on August 26, hanged 3 foreign rioters and banned under penalty of death from attacking religionIn Mars 1566, 9 members of the high nobility met in Breda to write a manifesto to protest against the arrival of the Inquisition58. The text is entitled Treaty of the great and nobles of the Netherlands against the Inquisition of Spain which they want to introduce in these provinces, also called the “Compromise of the Nobles”. In it the nobles demand the departure of the Inquisition and undertake to come to mutual aid if they are threatened by it58. The text brings together 2,000 signatures from the lower nobility, the high nobility not commenting on such a text58. It was presented by 400 members of the nobility to the governess Marguerite de Parma during a session in the Aula Magna of the palace of the Dukes of Burgundy in Brussels on April 5, 1566. Described as a “compromise of the begga
Price: 132.95 USD
Location: Strasbourg
End Time: 2024-12-08T11:51:50.000Z
Shipping Cost: 10.76 USD
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